Look out for the following irregularities:ĭeus, -i (m.) God has the irregular vocative singular deus. This is the only case when the nominative is different from the vocative. There are a few first declension nouns that are masculine. The example of filia is given below anima declines with the same endings. carta, -e (f.) charterįilia, -e (f.) daughter and anima, -e (f.) soul have different endings from carta in the dative and ablative plural. The ablative case is also used after some prepositions.įirst declension nouns end ‘-a’ in the nominative singular and are feminine. Papa ecclesiam carta confirmat – The pope confirms the church by a charter. Used for nouns that are by, with or from something. Solvimus decem solidos carte – We pay 10 shillings for a charter. ecclesie, meaning ‘to the church’, is in the dative. ‘land’ is the object – it is in the accusative.

Terram ecclesie do – I give land to the church. Used for nouns that are to or for something. Used for nouns that are ‘ of’ something else and to show possession (who something belongs to).įilie vidue – The widow’s daughters. The accusative is also used after some prepositions. The verb (‘confirms’) is being done to ‘the charter’ – therefore ‘the charter’ is in the accusative. The object is the person or thing the verb is done to.ĭomina cartam confirmat – The lady confirms the charter. Not all parts of speech have a vocative case. The second declension masculine has a vocative case that is different from the nominative, which takes ‘-e’ or ‘-i’. The vocative case is usually the same as the nominative. Used to call or address someone or something. ‘the widow’ is the subject, as she is doing the verb (working). The subject is the person or thing doing the verb.

Ostiarius gentative latin